Matvey Sergeevich Oborin

The cluster form in Russia is developing dynamically and shows high efficiency, which indicates the prospects for further application of cluster approach to the spatial organization of production. The article presents the general concept and essence of an industrial cluster, indicators of cluster development in the Kaluga region, problems of functioning of these associations and ways to eliminate them in conditions of market integration. The proposed methodology is based on retrospective and current statistical data on clusters’ activity. Most Russia’s regions have all the necessary conditions to form clusters, including many industrial enterprises, research institutes of industry and educational centers. Thus, there is a need to develop a methodological approach that allows for the selection of economic entities that have a positive potential for mutual cooperation for the implementation of innovative projects and the formation of cooperation. The article discusses the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of industrial clusters in the Kaluga region. The findings show that an industrial cluster is a combination of economic entities that carry out joint activities on the same territory to bring improved types of products and services to the market. Prior research on cluster formations prove that this area has not yet been sufficiently studied, both from the side of a deep analysis of the model of the cluster structure itself, and promising methods of integration into economic and market systems of various levels. This situation is caused by the fact that the directions of the cluster approach are studied to a greater extent in macroeconomics. The analysis of cluster functioning in the Kaluga Region demonstrate a positive impact of these forms of production organization on the overall economic development of the region.

This article examines the development opportunities of the Baltic Sea region which consist in the possibility to effectively use the potential of blue economy industries through digital transformation and innovation. The purpose of the article is to prove that effective use of the Baltic region resource potential is a priority factor for stable economic development of the coastal territories in this region through innovations and digital technologies. The article presents effective tools and mechanisms to develop digital economy of the Baltic territories organizations, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of digitalization. Based on prior research on sustainable development of the Baltic region, the paper shows that to prevent the negative impact of uneven development on sustainable development goals in the region is possible through more active use of the unique resources of the coastal territories of the region, the rise of industries and sectors of blue economy on a new technological basis. Investing in digitalization of these industries and development of information and communication infrastructure of the Baltic Sea coastal territories is the key to their competitiveness