Sanat Kairgalievich Seitov

The aim of the study is to propose and substantiate recommendations for development of the export potential of the Russian agro-industrial complex (AIC) in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The paper assesses the benefits of the Russian agro-industrial complex within the EAEU and measures to extract them for exporters. It develops recommended measures of state support that promote development of the Russian agro-industrial complex under EAEU membership conditions. The author considers state regulation measures for the following sectors of the Russian agro-industrial complex: agriculture, food industry, agricultural machinery, and fertilizer production. The author makes the following conclusions in the work. Russia exports to the EAEU products that are less in demand on other external markets. Overall, Russia’s trade relations with the EAEU countries are as follows: 1) companies in the agrochemical and food industries are in a winning position; 2) a relatively positive effect is observed in the agricultural machine building industry; 3) a relatively negative impact is observed in the dairy industry and production of meat products (due to competitive pressure from Belarusian producers). To improve the competitiveness of Russian products, as well as to identify their niche in the EAEU market, enterprises should be assisted in finding new markets and developing cooperation. The diversification of export-oriented production, which has already established itself in the external market, can be used to consolidate markets on the territory of the EAEU to sell goods. Here, the capacities created to assist subjects of industrial-innovation activity and production of innovative goods (for example, in agricultural robotics) should be attracted.

The study attempts to explain the dependence of agricultural development indicators on subsidies and other factors in Russia in 2012–2020. Based on the author's methodology, the survey evaluates the economic efficiency of subsidies in Russia’s agriculture, develops and justifies the measures to improve the support system aimed at increasing total factor productivity (TFP). The object of the study is agricultural subsidy system. The subject of the research is the influence of subsidies on TFP in agriculture. The panel models with fixed effects do not reveal an impact of subsidies on TFP. The 1st lag of the logarithm of subsidies negatively affects the dynamics of labor productivity, and shows no relationship between current year subsidies and labor productivity. Labor productivity in agriculture in Russia grows in 2019– 2020 as a result of higher gross output and, to a lesser extent, of lower employment. Capital productivity increases mainly due to gross output growth. Support measures for general services (development of infrastructure, science, extension, phytosanitary and veterinary services) should be the most important components of increasing the efficiency of agricultural subsidies. These components in agricultural subsidies are of high priority for the environmental situation in rural areas and the state of human capital.